Denmark Probate Records

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Denmark

Probate Records

Introduction

Probate records are court records that describe the distribution of a person's estate after death. Information in the records may include the death date, names of heirs and guardians, relationships, residences, an inventory of the estate, and names of witnesses.

These records are very helpful for research because they provide direct evidence of relationships. Often a single probate will list several individuals and their exact relationships to each other.

Probate records were not created for every person who died. The probate law of 1683 stated that probate was necessary if a person died and left minor heirs, absent heirs, or no heirs. The definition of "minor heirs" was any male under the age of 25 or any female who has never married.

You Can Use this Record to Find...
Birth Information Marriage Information Death Information

Classes in the Learning Center

• A. Boyd Nielsen, AG® presented a class in 2016 called Danish Probate Records. It can be accessed by clicking here.
  
  

• Tanner Blair Tolman, AG® presented a class in 2019 called Denmark Probate Records. It can be accessed by clicking here.

The Probate Process

The probate process began when the authorities were notified of a death. Thirty days after notification, the authorities held a registration of the estate at the home of the deceased. If the deceased was a parent, the surviving spouse and all children still living at home were to be present. All heirs not living in the parish were allowed a certain time to present themselves to the court. The time allowed was based on how far they had to travel. If a widow was pregnant when her husband died, she had the right to keep possession until after the child's birth. All guardians had to be present when the estate was divided.

The probate document was signed by all heirs or their guardians and by the probating authority.

No widower or widow could remarry before the estate had been settled in probate. However, a surviving spouse could receive permission from the court to live in an unprobated estate (uskiftet bo). Under this provision, there could be no distribution of inheritance to the heirs unless the surviving spouse remarried, died, or requested a distribution.

All legal heirs who could not manage their own affairs were to have a guardian appointed in their behalf. The law stated that the child's closest relatives were to be appointed guardian, the father's relatives first, then the mother's. If no relatives were available, then the court appointed a guardian. A widow could choose her own guardian subject to the court's approval.

Records of guardianship may be kept separately from other probate papers, or a different court may have jurisdiction over guardianship.

To view records examples of skifteprotokollerne (administrations of estates) with translations click here.

The Availability of Probate Records

Although many Danish probates have survived and thy are some of the best genealogical records for Danish research, finding a probate for your person of interest can be tricky. To find a probate for your person of interest, you must first know where he lived, what class of person he was, and if he was a tenant farmer (or cottager), to which estate he was bound.

• Probate records for clergy and schoolteachers were kept by the provsti (deanery) until about 1803-1814. After that time their probates were recorded by the local herred (the lowest court district).
  
  

• Probate records for farmers and cottagers who leased their land from a local estate or institution were recorded by the estate to which they were bound until 1788-1817. After this time, their probates may also be recorded in the herred or they may still be recorded by the estate as some estates kept the right to probate with special consideration until 1850.
  
  

• Probate records for farmers and cottagers who leased their land from the crown were recorded by the local amtstue (taxation district). The closer your ancestor's farm was to Copenhagen, the more likely it is that they lived on crown owned land.
  
  

• Probate records for freeholders (farmers and cottagers who owned their land outright) were recorded by the amt (county) until about 1793 when the counties were reorganized (the word about is used because some of the counties actually reorganized later. Maribo county, for example, was not formed until 1803). After this time they were recorded by the herred.
  
  

• Each city, besides Copenhagen, has its own local probate jurisdiction called the byret.
  
  

• Copenhagen had its own unique and complex system. Information on it is provided below at also on this page.

As probates are most likely to be used before 1814, and most Danes before that time were tenant farmers, you will probably spend most of your time searching the probate records of the various estates.

The Family History Library has an excellent collection of probate records from many areas of Denmark. These are listed in the catalog under DENMARK, COUNTY, PARISH - PROBATE RECORDS. Most records have separate name indexes in either the beginning or the end of the record. Also check the catalog under DENMARK, [COUNTY], [HERRED] - PROBATE RECORDS. This will bring up most of the possible places a probate for your ancestor might be if he or she died in that parish, but it will not bring all of them up. Some estates either do not have surviving probates or their probates were not filmed by the GSU (now FamilySearch). Additionally, FamilySearch has most of the probates recorded by the amtstue, but they will not appear in this search. To find those you will need to identify the correct amtstue (which often has the same name as the amt) and then search for records created by that amtstue specifically in either FamilySearch or Daisy.

Some wonderful indexes have been prepared to these various records by the Land Archive for Sjælland and are found at both the Landsarkivet and the Family History Library on microfiche, the most extensive index being for the Forseglingsprotokoller:

• Forseglingsprotokoller 1720-1919 (FHL fiche 6030293-60401670).
  
• Ordinære boer 1660-1771 (FHLfiche 6030251-6030255).
  
• Konceptskrifter [draft probates] 1660-1771 (FHL fiche 6030238-6030250).
  
• Behandlingsprotokoller 1715-1771 (FHL fiche 6030233-6030237).
  
• Samfrændskifter [relative probates] 1771-1810 (FHL fiche 6030270-6030271).
  
• Eksekutorboer [executor estate] 1790-1919 (FHL fiche 6030256-6030269).
  

Copenhagen: 1670-1771

There were 13 different probate courts in Copenhagen. See the article Copenhagen Probate Jurisdictions for details. The four largest were the following:

1. Magistrats skiftekommission, 1681-1781 - Magistrate's probate commission, also called Byretten {city court). These records are for the commoners of the city. Index on FHL film 0045256 and 0044771, records on films 0044772-0045255.
2. Hofretten, 1679-1771 - Castle Court. This court was for high civil officials. Index, FHL film 0044596; probates FHL films 0044597¬0044688.
3. Borgretten, 1682-1771 - Citizen Court. This court was for the lower civil officials and employees. General index FHL film 0044689 probate records FHL films 0044690-0044770.
4. Underadmiralitetsretten, 1670-1779 - Lower Admiralty Court. For naval non-commissioned officers (rank below captain). Records on FHL films 0048030¬0048113.

Other probate court records for this time period that have not been filmed include the following:

• Regimentasauditørerne (Military Court, for enlisted men in the army)
• Søetatens General Auditør (Military Court, for naval non-commissioned officers)
• Universitets Skiftejurisdiktion (University Court, for students, many no longer exist)
• Den Gejstlige Skiftejurisdiktion (Ecclesiastical Court, for clergy and related personnel, most no longer exist)
• Vajsenhusets Skiftejurisdiktion (Orphan-house Court, for personnel of the orphan house, records no longer exist)
• Frederiks Hospitals Skiftejurisdiktion (Hospital Court, for personnel of the hospital, records no longer exist)
• Det Asiatiske og det Vestindisk-Guineiske Kompagnis (The Asiatic and West Indies-Guineas Company, for employees in Copenhagen and the colonies)
• Jødernes Skiftejurisdiktion (Jewish Probate Jurisdiction, many Jews listed in the Magistratens Skiftekommision listed above).

Copenhagen: 1771-1861

Most probate records in Copenhagen for this time period were handled by a single probate commission. For the period 1771-1803 they are listed under the Stadsretten (City Court; FHL films 0045257-0046190) and from 1804-1862 under the Landsretten (Land Court; FHL films 0046191¬0048027). These records are divided in two ways: by record type (see above under indexes) and then by classification.

Within each record type there are nine groupings as to the classification of those for whom a probate was held (the catalog does not show which groups are on which film, so you may wish to consult the book, Register of Danish estate probates:Copenhagen county, 1701-1820; FHL book 948.911 P23c; film 0599138, item 3).
I. High civil officials and commissioned officers
II. Other civil officials, clerks, secretaries,book keepers, etc.
III.Clergy, professors, students, and workers at schools, hospitals, and the church
IV. Citizens of higher reputation and wealth
V. Artist, tradesmen, etc.
VI. Persons of no great means
VII. Servants
VIII. Enlisted men of the navy and merchant marines
IX. Enlisted men of the army.

Copenhagen: 1861-1912

The nine classifications from the earlier period were regrouped into six. Class III was grouped with Class II. Classes VII-IX were combined to a new Class III. These later records were listed under the title Den kongelige Lands-over- samt Hof og Stadsret i København (The royal provincial, as well as castle and city court in Copenhagen; FHL films 0520496¬0521527,0517662-0517794).

The Reparitionsprotokol [restitution records] from 1863¬1910 are filed separately (FHL film 0517795¬0517840), as are a set of records called Børn og hospitalslemmer (Children and hospital inmates; FHL film 0517868-0517897).

Wills and Indexes (Testamentprotokoller med Indexer)

These records are legal declarations of a person's desires for the disposition of his property or estate after his death. Generally only the upper and middle classes had wills. The peasant classes are most often found only in the probate records. Most original will books include indexes. Transcripts of wills were sent to the Chancery to be confirmed. After 1848 , the Ministry of Justice (Justitsministeriet) kept copies of all wills.

These are useful linkage sources for the upper and middle classes. They give family relationships. They are difficult to use without the indexes; The indexes are needed to effectively locate individuals in the wills. Records are available from about 1500. There is a large collection of original will books (including indexes) in the National Archives that goes up to 1925. Many original wills are in the provincial archives, under the “amts” jurisdiction up to 1933.

Records may contain:

• Name and age of testator
• Residence
• Heirs
• Relationships
• Description of land and property
• Date of will
• Names of witnesses

For more information about wills, see this article.

Guardianship Records (Overformynderiprotokoller)

Guardianship records are a good supplement to the probate records. Their use is twofold: First, they replace missing probate records. Second, they provide information concerning a minor's later destiny. Records date from 1570. At times two generations are mentioned, when both parents and grandparents passed away during the ward's minor state.

The guardianship record usually has the following information:

• Name of the ward or minor.
• Sometimes age or birth date and place
• Name of guardian and residence.
• Relationship, if any to the ward
• Date on which the inheritance was paid to the court and the estate reference involved. (If the inheritance comes from one or several sources, each document is referred to with the amount.)
• Date on which the inheritance is paid to the ward or minor.
• Status of the ward at the time the inheritance is paid, indicating a place of residence if different from the original probate record
• Expenses charged to the estate

Websites

• 1674 - 1851 - Denmark, Probate Indexes, 1674-1851 at FamilySearch — index and images
• Mary's Genealogy Treasures - Denmark
• Faester og Skifter - Copyhold and Probates Danske Slægtsforskere Odense
• Aurelia-Clemons Genealogy Research - Probate extractions for many areas of Denmark - complete film done, NOT just those related to me, a given surname or area. Also a guide to finding parishes within estate jurisdictions on Sjaelland.
• Erik Brejls Hjemmeside Probate extracts for some estates, hundreds, and larger cities in Jutland, as well as probates for members of the clergy for the whole country as well as most cities. In Danish.
• Stedregister til Nørrejyske Godsarkiver A guide to finding parishes within estate jurisdictions in Jutland (except Southern Jutland). In Danish.
• Probate extractions from the registers of estate jurisdictions in Vendsyssel (north of Limfjorden) 1707-1851. You can view all names listed in an estate, or search for a specific name. In Danish.
• Probate extractions from estate jurisdictions in Northern Jutland. In Danish.
• Search engine for probates in Denmark. In Danish.
• Death certificates in Denmark until 1940
• Sall Data Scanned probate records. Select Skifter from the drop-down list to begin searching.
• DIS-Arkivalielister Probate records listed by registering authority. In Danish.

Probate Word List

A

Danish	English
A.D.	in the year of our Lord
Aar	year
Ad	at
Advokat	attorney
Af, av	of, at, by, from
Afdøde	deceased
Afg., afgange	deceased
Afgangen	the deceased
Afgift	fee, charge
Afholdelse	conduct, organization
Afholdt	held, incurred, organized
Afgaa, afgaaet	die, died
Afkald	waiver
Afkom	offspirng
Afsælle	sell
Aftale	aggreement
Aftos	last night
Aftægtsfolk	retired people
Aftægtskone	retired woman being supported by the new owner of their farm (usually a child)
Aftægtsmand	retired man being supported by the new owner of their farm (usually a child)
Agent	agent
Agt(en)	intention, purpose
Aldeles	absolutely, totally, quite, entirely
Alder	age
Aldrig	never
Alenstok	yardstick (equivalent of 24 inches, or 0.63 modern-day meters)
Alle	all
Allerhøjest	most highest
Allordere	allocate
Alt	all, universe, already
Amt	county
Amtets	the county's
Amtmand	chief county administrator
Amtsforratter	county commissioners
Anden	other, second
Anden side	other side
Andunldt	amount
Anføre	indicate, state, also retired
Anført	listed, stated, specified
Anmeld, Anmeldelse	report, notification, review
Annus (Latin)	year
Anordnet	ordered, arranged, set apart
Anpart	share
Antage	accept, take on, assume
Antagelse	assumption, acceptance
Antagelig	presumably, probably, likely
Antaget	chosen
Antagne	assumed
Antal	number
Ar, en	are
Arbejdshold	work team
Arbejdsperiode	employment period or schedule
Arv	inheritance
Arvedel, Arvadeling	inheritance, portion or share of the inheritance
Arvelader	testator
Arveskifte	inheritance
Arvesummen	the sum of the inheritance
Arving	heir
Arvinger, Arfvinger	heirs
At	that, to
At være	as, being
Aulede	only
Avle	beget, grow
Avlet	begotten, produced
Avlet med afdøde	begotten with the deceased
Av	of, from, by

B

Danish	English
Baade	both
Barn, børnen	child, children
Barnedåb	grandchild
Barnefader	the child’s father
Bedstefader	grandfather
Bedstemoder	grandmother
Befal, Befale	command, order
Befalede	commanded, ordered
Befindes	found to be
Begjæring, Begæring	petition, request, application, motion
Behøver at	require, have to, need to
Bekendtgørelse	official announcement
Bekentgjort	announced
Bekost, Bekostning	expense, the cost
Bekræft	confirm, verify, affirm
Beløb	amount
Bemeldte	aforesaid
Bemidlet	well off
Benævnte	named
Beregne	calculate
Bero	be, remain
Beroer	depends
Beskikket	appointed
Beskriven	description
Betaler	pay
Betaling	payment
Betalt	paid
Betegne	description
Betjente, Betiente	official
Betydeligt	significantly, considerably
Birchedomer, Birkedommer	birke judge
Blandt	among
Blev, blef	was, become
Blive, Blivet, Bliver	be, being, becoming, getting
Boede, Boet	lived
Boe	live, rside
Boelsmand	farmer
Boet	estate, the estate; also live, living
Bog	book
Bonde	farmer
Bondegaard	farmer
Bopæl	resident, residence
Bor	live, living, lives
Borgmester	Mayor
Bortdøde	deceased
Bortfalder	void, repeal
Bortsolgt	sold
Boslod/Lodseddel	Certificate for a share or lot
Bouppteckning	probate
Brev	letter
Broder- brother	brother
Broderdatter	brother's daughter
Broderlod	a brother's share of an inheritance (this could be used when talking about a son (having a share with his brothers and sisters) or the deceased's brother)
Brodersøn	brother's son
Brække	break
Brødre	brothers
By, bye	town, village
Byfogeden	The city baliff
Byting	city court
Børn	children
Børnebørn	grandchildren
Børnene	the children

C

Danish	English
Comite, kommite	committee
Come, komme	come
Curator	curator

D

Danish	English
Da	as, since, when
Danske	Danish
Darværende	former
Datter, Døttre	daughter, daughters
Datterdatter	daughter’s daughter, granddaughter
Dattersøn	daughter’s son
De	they, those, the
Deling, deeling	division, distribution
Derfor	therefore
Deg	you
Dend	it, that, the, other
Den	of, the, it, of the
Denne	this
Dennes	his, its, thereof, latter
Der	who, there, which, that
Dere	you
Derefter	after that, then, afterwards
Deres	theirs, yours, its
Deret	theirs, which, who, that
Derhjemme	at home
Deriblandt	including, among
Dermed	there by, thus
Dernæst	next
Dertil	there, thereof, therefore, thereto
Derudover	additional
Det	it, that
Dette	this
Did	you, yourself, there
Disse	these
Dit	your
Dog	however, though
Dokket	docked
Dom	sentence, judgement, verdict
Dommer	judge
Drager	porter, carrier
Dranker	drunkard
Dreng, dr.	male, boy
Drengebarn	male child
Dronning	queen
Død, Døden	death, the death
Dødsanmeldelse	death announcement
Dødsanmeldelsesprotokoller	Starting in 1792, all deceased had to be reported to the local probate authorities, whether they were to be probated or not. The reports of the deceased became a compiled record called the Dødsanmeldelsesprotokoller
Dødsfald	death
Døtre	daughters

E

Danish	English
Eder	you
Edle	noble
Een	one
Efter	after, behind
Efterdi	because
Efterlade	leave
Efterlade sig en formue	leave a fortune
Efterladenskaber	remainder, the rest
Efterladte	survivors, remaining
Efterladende	left behind, surviving
Efterlefuende	surviving
Eftermelte	below mentioned
Efterretning	obedience
Eftersom	since, as
Eg, Ege, Egne, Egen, Eget	own, on one's own
Egenskab	capacity, property, attribute, characteristic
Egstra	see ekstra
Egteskab	marriage
Ei, Ej	not
Eje	own
Ejendom, Ejendele	property, posessions
Ejen	property
Ejer	owner
Ekstra	extra
Ekstradere	extract
Embede	office
En	the, a, an, one
End	than, end, over
Endelig	final, finally
Endvidere	also, furthermore
Enebarn	only child
Enes	agree
Enhver	each, everyone
Eniste	begotten
Enke	widow
Enkekone	widow
Enkemand	widower
Ensker	wishes, wants
Er, Ere	is, are, the, has, have
Erholde	assume, get, obtain, receive
Erhverv	profession, trade
Erhverver	acquire, gain
Erkendtlig	grateful
Erkend, Erkende	acknowledge, own, admit, recognize, realize
Erklære	declare, declaring, proclaim
Et	a, an, one

F

Danish	English
Faa	get, receive
Fadder	godfather, sponsor
Faaet	received, got, obtained
Fader	father
Faderne, Fadderne	godparents
Fallit	bankrupt, bankruptcy
Fandt, Fantes	found, was found
Far	father
Farbroder	father’s brother, uncle
Farfader	paternal grandfather
Farfar	grandfather
Far	father
Farmoder	grandmother, father’s mother
Farmor	grandmother, father’s mother
Faset	receive
Faste	real
Faster	aunt, father’s sister
Fastsætte	assign, appoint
Fat	got, hold, summarize, understand, comprehend
Fattes	lacking, wanting
Fellets	joint
Fik	get, receive
Fil	file
Findes	found
Firer	four
Foged	bailiff, marshall, official
Folgende	as follows, thus
Folio	page
For	in, for, in order, for the
For endelig skifte	for final probate
Foranførte	above mentioned
Foranmeldte	above reported, previously announced
Forat	to, in order to
Forandre, forandring	change, vary, shift, reverse
Foregaænde	earlier
Foregaaet	official announcement
Fordeling	distribution, allocation
Fordring	claim, debt, receivable
Fordre, fordrede	demand, require
Fordrukken	drunken
Forefandtes	were present
Foregaænde	earlier, previous, former
Foregaaet	occurred, took place
Forestage	make, do, perform
Foretagelse	making, performing
Foretage, foretagne	transact, perform, conduct, make, distribute
Fortagen	distribution
Foretager	makes, performs, carries out
Fortaget lovlig	transacted lawfully
Forevise	show
Forfald	absence
Forfaret	conduct
Forgået	occurred, took place
Forfeiglet	previous
Forhen, førhen	in the past, formerly
Forhentiltagne	previously appointed
Forkarlen	foreman
Forloveren	sponsors, bondsmen at marriage
Forladefoged	baliff of the manor
Formedelst	due to, because of
Formode	assuming, supposing
Formue	assets, property, wealth
Formynder	guardian
Fornyelig	recently, recently departed
Forordningen	regulation, statutes
Forpagter	tenant
Forpligte	oblige, commit
Forpligtelse	obligation, commitment
Forpligtet	committed, obliged
Forrentning	interest, return, rate
Forreste	front, foremost
Forresten	incidentally, by the way, anyway
Forrætte og afslutte	transact and conclude
Forretning	business, transaction, administration, proceeding
Forretning tilstede	present at the proceeding
Forretninger	transactions
Forretningen	business administration
Forrevist kjøb	bill of sale
Forrige	previous
Forsamle	meet, assemble, gather
Forsamlingen	meeting, assembly, gathering, committee
Forsegle	seal up
Forsende	seal up
Forsige	to say
Forskel	difference
Fortfare	conduct, carry out
Fortfarende	continually, ongoing
Fortforet	conducted
Fortil	before
Foruden	besides, in addition to
Forud	previous, prior
Forudgående	previous
Forudsiger	predicts
Forvalter	administrator, agent, manager, bailiff
Forvære	make worse
Forældre	parents
Forældreløs	orphan
Forældrene	the parents
Fosterbarn	foster child
Fosterbørn	foster children
Fosterdatter	foster daughter
Fostersøn	foster son
Fra	from
Fraværende	absent
Frembragt	reveal, disclose
Fremdeles, fremdeeles	further
Fremfor	before, above, beyond
Fremføre-	advance, forward
Fremfærd	conduct
Fremgang	proceed, progress
Fremlagt, fremlagde	submitted, presented, provided, produced
Fremme	to go forth
Fremsat	submitted, made, delivered, presented
Fremstille, Fremstillet	create, make, produce, present to be judged
Fremviste	presented, showed, displayed
Fri	free
Frille	mistress
Frue	Mrs., wife, lady, not a peasant women
Fruentimmer	unmarried mother
Frugtsommelig	pregnant
Frøken	miss, not a peasant girl
Fudt	completely
Fuldkommen	complete, perfect
Fuldkomns	fulfilled
Fuldmagt	proxy, power of attorney
Fuldmægtig, fuldmegtige	attorney, advocate, head clerk
Fulgt	followed
Fuldkommen	complete, perfect
Fælled, Fælles	common, mutual, joint
Fæstebonde	copyholder, leaseholder, farmer
Fæstegårdmand	copyholder, leaseholder, farmer
Fæste	copyhold, lease
Fæstebonde	a farm
Fæstemand	betrothed
Fæster	person who is leasing
Fæstprotokol	land lease
Fætter	cousin
Fødtes (Føde) værger	family guardian
Følge	as a result of)
Følger	as follows
Før die unmyndige vegen	in behalf of the minors
Før	before
Førhen	previously
Første	first
Får	gets, will, have
Fået	received, got

G

Danish	English
Gaardmand	farmer
Gammel	old
Garden	the farm
Gave	gift, present
Gavn	benefit
Gift, givt	married
Gik	went, walked, did, was, were
Gior	makes
Gjeld	debts
Gjort, Gjorde	made, done, been
Godfather	godfather
Gudfrygtige	godfearing
Gudmoder	godmother
Gæld, gjold, gjæld	debt, payables
Gå	go, walk, do
Gårdbruger, gaardbruger	farmer
Gårdejer, gaardejer	farm owner
Gaard	farm
Gårdfæster, gaardfæster	farm leaseholder, tenant
Gårdmand, gaardmand	farmer

H

Danish	English
H.	abbreviation for "hustrue"- wife
Halde	hold, maintain, keep, continue
Halvbrodre, Halvbroder	half brother
Halvdelen	half, a portion
Ham	he, his, him
Han	he, his, him
Hannen	male, him
Hans	his
Har	has, have
Hartkorn	unit of land valuation
Havde	had
Have	have, be
Havender	debtors
Heder	honor
Hederlige	honorable
Hederlige och wellærde	honorable and well-learned
Hegle	tools for processing flax and hemp
Heigle	tools for processing flax and hemp
Helbroder	whole brother
Hele	all, entire
Hellere	rather, better, prefer
Hellig	holy
Hende, Hendes	her, hers
Henhold	according, accordance with, belong to
Henhøre til	refer to
Hensidde	live, exist
Hensyn	respect, regard
Her	here
Heraf	of this, thereof, these, which
Herom	accordingly, thereof, thereon
Herremand	lord of the manor
Herrets ting	district court
Herskerinde	mistress
Hidtil	previously, up until now
Himmelseng	canopy bed
Hjemme, Hiemme	at home
Hjemmedødt	home christening, home baptism
Hmd, Hm. (abbreviation for Husmand)	cottager
Holde	hold, holding, keep, keeping, stay, staying
Holden	keeping, stopping; also rich, prosperous
Holdelse	proceeding
Holdte	held
Hor	adultery, fornication
Hos	at, with, in, by, from
Hovedperson	head of house
Hr.	Mr.
Hun	she
Hus, Huus	house
Husbonde	husband, head of house
Husejer	owner of house
Husfader	head of house
Husfolk	small farmers
Husholderske	housekeeper
Husmand med jord	farmer with land
Husmand	cottager, small farmer
Husmoder, huusmoder	wife, homemaker
Hustrue, hustru, kone	hustru, kone-wife
Huus afgift	rent
Hvad	what
Hvem	who
Hver, hvert	every
Hvidebøger	"white books" or a record of those deceased in Copenhagen who did not have an official probate
Hvilke, hvilken, hvilket	which, what, this
Hvil	rest
Hvor	where, which, when, how, there
Hvorefter	whereafter, then
Hvornaar	when is, when will, when does, where once, where when
Hvorved	wherewith
Hvortil	plus, in additon, which should be added
Høj Ædle, Højædle	noble, high

I

Danish	English
I	in, of, the, at, you
I dag	today
Iagttage	watch, observe
Iberegne	include
Idet	as, because, with, since, taking
Ifald	if, in case
Ifolge, Ifølge	according, according to
Ikke	not
Imellem	between
Imod	against, accepted, opposed
Inderste	tenant, renter
Indfandt- materialize	appeared, met
Indgaa	conclude
Indgaaet	entered into, concluded, reached, received
Indlæg	contribution, pleading, plea, letter, article, speech, submission, observation
Inddrage	include, involve
Indfandt- materialize	materialize
Indsidder	tenant, renter
Indtage	take, adopt
Indtægt	income, revenue, proceeds
Ingen	no, not, none
Interesse	interest
Intet	no, nothing
Intægt	asset, income

J

Danish	English
Jagtbøsser	hunting rifles - originally for nobles, but lower classes were allowed to hunt after 1840
Jeg	I
Jer	you, yourselves
Jeres	your, yours
Jomfru	maiden, miss, not a peasant girl, virgin
Jord(e)	earth, land, property
Jordlig	earthly
Jordseddel/Muldseddel	certificates or confirmations from the Probate authorities to the deceased’s priest, that they had received notification and registered the death. The priest was not allowed to bury the dead until the probate authorities had received such notification

K

Danish	English
Kakkelovn	small stove for light dishes
Karl	young man, farmhand
Kendelse	decision, judgement, verdict, order, ruling
Kidre	dear
Kiste	coffin
Kl., Kng., Kong.(abbreviation for Kongelig)	Royal, government
Kongelig	royal
Kom	come
Kommer	come, coming, comes
Kommis	commission, commissioner
Kommitterede	nominee, commissioner
Kommunemand	city official
Kone	wife, married woman
Kongelige (Kl.)	Royal, government
Kontorbetjent	office clerk
Kontorchef	head of office staff
Kontormedhjælper	office clerk
Kost, Kostet	cost, the cost
Kravede	required
Kun	just, only, only the
Kunde	could, might, would; also client, patron
Kundskab	knowledge
Kundgjørelse	announcement, notification
Kusine	cousin
Kvinde, Qvinde	woman
Kvindefadder, Qvindefadder	godmother
Kvindemenneske	woman
Køb, Kjøb	purchase

L

Danish	English
Lagte- pay	pay
Landarbejder- farm worker	farm worker
Landbo- farmer renter	farmer renter
Landbruger	farmer
Laugværge	a widow’s guardian who would be present with her during her deceased husband’s probate. Widows had the privilege to choose their own Guardian, which normally was one of her brothers
Lærte hederlige	learned and honorable
Lejer	tenant
Lensmanden	the constable
Leve	live
Levende	living
Leveret	suppied, delivered, provided
Lig	equal, similar to
Ligeledes- likewise, also, equally	ditto
Ligeledes- likewise, also, equally	likewise, also, equally
Ligesom	like, somewhat, as
Ligkiste	coffin
Likvidere	liquidate
Livsarvinger	living heirs
Lod	lot, share
Lodseddel/Boslod	Certificate for a share or lot
Logerende	tenant, lodger
Lov	law
Lovlig	legal
Lyder saaledes	reads thus
Løbende	current, continuous, standing
Løse	resolve, solve

M

Danish	English
m.f.P. (abbreviation of “med ført Pen")	this abbreviation usually appears under the signatures of those witnessing the probate, who either could not write or just needed help with writing
m.p.P. (abbreviation of “med påholden Pen”)	abbreviation meaning “med påholden Pen,” or “with guided pen”. See “m.f.P.”
M.V., (abbrev. of med videre)	continued, forward
Maa	must, may, should, shall, must be
Madmoder	woman of the house, housewife
Magistrat/Magistrate	justice for the peace
Magistrats Gods	magistrate’s estate
Maitresse	mistress
Maj., Majestæts- majesty	May
Maj., Majestæts	majesty
Man	man, husband, one, you, it
Mand	man, men
Manden	the man
Mandfadder	godfather
Mandkjøn	male
Mark	former Danish monetary unit. Worth less than a Rigsdaller but more than a skilling
Med	with, by, of, the
Medmindre	unless
Meere, Mere	more, further
Mellem	between
Men	but
Mere	more
Middel	medium, average, part
Mindreårige	minors, under age
Moder, Mor	mother
Moderens	the mother
Modt	appeared, met, was present
Modtagen	receive
Mor, Moder	mother
Morbroder	mother’s brother, uncle
Morfader, morfar	mother’s father, grandfather
Mormoder, mormor	mother’s mother, grandmother
Mortis (Latin)	death
Moster	aunt, mother’s sister
Mostermand	mother’s sister’s husband
Muldseddel	see Jordseddel
Myndig	of legal age. The age varied throughout Denmark, but on average 15-18 years (considered mindreårige 18-25 years) for men. Women were never recognized as “of age” until 1857, and always had a guardian appointed to them. After 1857, the “of age” age for single women was the same as men. In 1922, everyone was considered “of age” when they turned 21 years old, and today the age is 18.
Mænd	men
Mændenes	the men, appraisers
Møde	meeting, appointment
Mødte, Mødt	met, met with, present, in attendance
Mø	maiden, virgin
Må or Maa	do, be, must, may, should
Maad	goal, way, means
Maanad	month

N

Danish	English
Naar	where, when
Nafnlig	namely
Namful	namely
Nati, Natiuitas (Latin)	birth
Navnet	name, the name
Navneklud	embroidery
Navnlig	namely
Nemlig	namely
Navn	name
Nedlagt	closed, asks, seeks, claims
Nej	no
Nevø	nephew
Niece	niece
Noch	also
Nogen	any
Nogen tid siden	sometime before
Noget	something, anything
Nok	enough
Nu	now
Nutid	present
Nuværende	current, present, existing
Nyfder ophold	of age (legal)
Ny, Nyt	new
Næmlig, namely	namely, that is
Næringsvei	occupation
Næst	next
Nærværende	present
Når	when, where

O

Danish	English
O.S.V.	etc.
Odel	freehold land
Ofververends	attending
Og, Oc, Och	and
Ogfolder	live
Ogsaa, Også	also
Oktober	October
Oldefader	great-grandfather
Oldemoder	great-grandmother
Om	about, in, on
Omkostninger	expenses, costs
Opdrætte	breed
Opfostringshus	orphanage
Oplaest	announced, read, spoken
Opgiven	stated, studied
Opgjort	calculate, estimate
Opholde sig	reside, stay
Opholder	living, staying
Opholdsted	place of residence
Opløbe	finish
Opmærksom	attentive, mindful, aware
Oplysninger	information, data, details
Ordre	order
Ovenmeldte	above reported
Ovenævnte	above mentioned, aforementioned
Overformynderi	trustee (someone who needs a guardian)
Overformynderiet	Guardianship records
Overførende	transferring
Overrække	present, give
Overskydende	excess
Overstige	exceed
Overværelse	presence, attendance
Overværends	attending

P

Danish	English
p., post	after
Paa	on, at, in
Paa grund	because
Paa stedet	at this place
Paahvileds, Paahvile	rest with, lie with, be due from, chargeable to
Paalagt	order, put on, entrusted
Paaløbende	accrued, incidental
Pante	mortgage
Passere	pass
Pastorat	parish
Penge	money
Personerne	the people
Pige	girl, maid, servant
Pigebarn	girl child
Pigen	the maid, that girl
Plasmand	cottager
Plejebarn	foster child
Plejebørn	foster children
Plejeforældre	foster parents
Plejemoder	foster mother
Plejesøn	foster son
Protocol, Protokol	ledger, journal
Pligtmand	tenant
Proprietær	farmer (large)
Provst	rural dean
Provsti	deanery
Provstinde	deans wife
Præst, præsten	priest, the priest, clergyman, minister
Præstegield	clerical district
Pulitiaduakat	district attorney
Pådømmelse	trial, judgment
Påhvileds, Påhvile	rest with, lie with, be due from, chargeable to
Påløbende	accrued, incidental
Påstod	claimed

Q

Danish	English
Qua (Latin)	which, where, what, see, that
Qvinde, Qvinden, Kvinde	woman, the woman
Qvindekiøn, Kvindekøn	female gender
Qvindemenneske	women

R

Danish	English
Raadhusskriver	town hall clerk scribe
Raadlighed	command, disposal, available, provided
Raadmand, Rådmand	councilman, alderman
Rd(l). (abbreviation for Rigsdaler)	a former Danish monetary unit.
Realiserede	realized, achieved, actual, recorded
Realisation	realization
Registrerede	registered
Registering	inventory, registration
Registrering og Vurdering	inventory and appraisal
Renter	interest
Resten	the rest
Resterende	balance, remainder
Resultat	result, profit, earnings
Retlige	legal, the legal, justice
Retsformand	persiding judge
Retten	court
Ridefoged	bailiff
Rigsdaller/Rd(l)	former Danish monetary unit. Worth more than a mark or a skilling
Rigtighed	accuracy, correctness, truthfulness
Rime	agree
Rimelig	reasonable, fair, fair price
Rodemester	tax collector
Rådlighed	command, disposal, available, provided
Rådmand, Raadmand	councilman, alderman

S

Danish	English
Saa	so, as, indeed, that, in behalf, then, such, saw, since
Saadan	such
Saaledes	namely, for instance, such as, thus, as follows
Saavel	both
Sabbat	Sabbath
Sagen	proceedings
Sagfører	lawyer
Sal., Salig, Salige	deceased
Samling	meeting
Sammen	together or same
Sammenaulede	begotten
Sammenauled	together beget
Sammen avlede	together begotten
Sammenleje	living together
Sammenviede	married together
Sammestads	same place
Samt	as well, well as
Samtikke, samtykke	consent, agree
Samtlige	all
Sandsynligt	probable, likely
Sedler	banknotes, bills
Sees	seeing, seen, is seen
Seigneur	Mr or Sir-willborn/ honourable
Self tilhøre	self-owned
Selvejer	owner, freeholder
Set	viewed, seen
Sidste	last
Sig	him, her, it's, them, himself, herself, themselves, at, to, out, the
Sige god	say good (vouch)
Signor (French)	Mr.
Sin, Sine	its, his, her, there
Sind	mind
Sit	its, his, her
Skabe	create, generate, provide, also cabinets
Sin	his, hers
Skal	do, must, to be, should
Skatteopkræver	tax debt, tax charges
Skeed	given
Skeedte	occurred
Skete, Skeed	happened, occurred, did
Skifte	probate
Skiftebrevet	probate letter
Skifte forretning	probate proceeding
Skiftes foretagelse	probate execution
Skiftes holdelse	probate proceeding
Skifte og Deeling	probate and distribution
Skifteforvalter	probate administrator, probate agent
Skifteomkostningerne	probate costs
Skifteprotokoller	probate records
Skifteretten	probate court
Skiftesamling	probate meeting of heirs
Skifter handling	settlement
Skiftet	the probate
Skilde	separate
Skjønt	though
Skilling	monetary unit; former Danish monetary unit. Worth less than a Rigsdaller or a skilling
Skrivelse	letter
Skriver	scribe, clerk
Skriverstue	writing room, office
Skulde	should, would, might
Skylde	owe
Skøn	estimate, assessment
Sl.,sal.	sal.,-deceased
Slagfreds	illegitimate
Slagfredsdatter	illegitimate daughter
Slagfredssøn	illegitimate son
Slutte	finish, end, conclude
Slægt	family, relatives
Små	small
Sognebarn	parishioner
Sognefoged	parish bailiff
Solgt	sold
Som	as, since, who, which, as, whom, that
Soskendebarn	niece, nephew
Spurgte	inquired, asked
Spædbarn	infant, baby
S(igno)r	Mister
Stads	city
Stadboende	city residents
Stedbarn	stepchild
Stedbørn	stepchildren
Steddatter	step daughter
Stedfader	step father
Stedmoder	step mother
Stedsøn	step son
Stervbo, Sterfboen	estate, inventory of the deceased
Stifbarn	stepchild
Stifbørn	stepchildren
Stift, Stiftet	diocese, the diocese
Stue	ground, room, living room
Stærboet	same place, place where deceased lived
Stævningsmand	baliff sheriff
Sur	confused
Svigerdatter	daughter-in-law
Svigerfader	father-in-law
Svigerinde	sister-in-law
Svigermoder	mother-in-law
Svigersøn	son-in-law
Svoger	brother-in-law
Svogerske	sister-in-law
Sødskende(s)	siblings, sisters
Søn, Sønnen	son, the son
Sønnedatter	son’s daughter
Sønnekone	son’s wife
Sønnen	the son
Sønnerne	the sons
Sønnesøn	son’s son
Søskende	siblings
Søskendebarn	cousins
Søskendefætter	first cousin
Søster	sister
Så	so, as, indeed, that, in behalf, then, such, saw, since
Sådan	such, how, to, this
Således	namely, for instance, such as, thus, as follows
Såvel	both

T

Danish	English
Tagelse	making, admission, acquisition, exemption
Tager	takes, taking, out, acquisition, does
Taksere	acquisition, appraise
Tarv- best interests	acquisition, interests
Tarveligt	simple, poor, shoddy, acquisition, frugally
Testes	acquisition, witnesses
Tidligere	acquisition, past
Tiener, tjener, tjeneste	acquisition, tjeneste- servant
Til	acquisition, for
Tilbud	acquisition, proposition
Tilbød	acquisition, offered
Tidligere	acquisition, earlier
Tidligt	acquisition, soon
Tilgodehavender	acquisition, receivables
Tilhører	acquisition, to
Tilhørende	acquisition, related
Tilkendegive	declare, indicate, express, acquisition, inform
Tillade	acquisition, let
Tillidsmænd	acquisition, representatives
Tilladelse	acquisition, permission
Tillige	also, along with, acquisition, together
Tilligemed	acquisition, also
Tillynsing	acquisition, posting
Tilspurgte	acquisition, asked
Tilstand	acquisition, status
Tilstede, til stede	til, stede- present, present, in attendance; also permit, acquisition, allow
Tilstedeværende	acquisition, present
Tilstillede	acquisition, given
Tilstaa	testify, swear, acquisition, acknowledge
Tilstaaelse	acquisition, acknowledgement
Tilsvar	acquisition, amount
Tilsvarende	corresponding, equivalent, similar, acquisition, responsible for
Tilsværge	acquisition, swear
Tilsynsværge	acquisition, guardian
Tiltage	acquisition, grow
Tiltale	prosecute, charge, acquisition, speak to
Ting	acquisition, court
Tingmanden	acquisition, officer
Tjenende	acquisition, serving
Tjener, tiener	acquisition, tiener- serve
Troloved, trolovet	acquisition, trolovet- engaged
Trykt	acquisition, printed
Tømmer	acquisition, timber
Tømrer	acquisition, carpentry

U

Danish	English
Ubetydelig	insignificant
Udbetal, udbetaling	cash, cash out, withdraw, payment
Udgang	end, exit, output
Udelt	undivided, entirely
Uden	without
Ude	out, away
Uden	without
Udflytning	moving out
Udgift	expense, cost
Udi	in, at, of, from
Udlagt	laid out, reported
Udlæg	costs, outlay, expenses
Udnævnte	appointed
Udskifteligt	replacable, removable, interchangable
Udøbt	unbaptized
Uge	week
Uger	weeks
Ugift	unmarried
Umage, Umagelig	effort, pains, uncomfortable
Umindelig	as far as can be remembered, immemorial
Umulig, Umuligt	impossible
Umyndig	underage, minor
Umyndiges vegne	minors behalf
Umådelig	extremely, immensely
Unde	underage; also give, wish, grant
Under	under
Underrets dommer	court judge-lower
Underrretssay Fører	court judge lower
Underskrevet	undersigned
Underskrevne	signed
Undertegnede	the undersigned
Undgaas	avoided
Undladt, Undlod	failed, omited, left undone
Undtagen	except
Ungk., Ungkarl- bachelor	bachelor
Ugift	unmarried
Ung	young
Uskiftet bo (boe)	unprobated estate, undivided estate
Utlagt, udladt	announced, reported
Uægte	illegitimate

V and W

Danish	English
Vanvittig	retarded
Var, Varnede, Værende, Været	was, were, being, been
Ved	at or by
Vedbørlig	legal
Ved Døden er afgaaet	with death has departed, who died
Vederlag	compensation, renumeration, proceeds
Vedgå	admit, own, acknowledge
Vedkomme, Vedkommende	person concerned
Vegne, Wegen	behalf
Velædle	noble
Velbegavet	well endowed
Vel som	as well as), unable
Velbe., Vel begavet	well endowed
Velbyrdige, Vel byrdige	noble lineage
Vellærde	well educated
Vid	wide, extensive, open; also wit
Vide	know
Videre	further, forward, continue
Vidner	witnesses
Vidste	did, knew, know, did not know
Vil, Vilde	shall, would, want, will
Villig	willing, prepared, ready
Vis	show, certain, view, some, degree
Vitterlig	known
Vitterlighedsmænd	witnesses, notaries, attestors
Vor	our
Vurder	rate, assess, evaluate
Vurdere	to value, price, appraise
Vurderet, Vurderede	assessed, appraised
Vurdering	appraisal, evaluation, estimation
Vurderingsmand	appraiser
Vurderingsmænd	appraisers
Værd	worth, value
Være	be, have, to be, to
Værende umlyndige	being minors
Værende	living
Været	been
Værge	guardian. All minors (umyndige) were appointed a guardian, after a parents death, to represent them throughout the probate process. The Guardian appointed was typically the father’s eldest brother (if the father had died), or the father himself (if the mother had died). By law, the guardian must be from the father’s side unless there were no living male relatives of the father, in which case the guardian would be from the mother’s male relatives

Y

Danish	English
Yderligere	additonal, more
Ydre	outer
Ygste	youngest
Ytre	utter, express, speak

Æ

Danish	English
Ægte	real, true, authentic, legitimate
Ægteskab	marriage
Ældste	oldest
Æta (Latin)	age
Ætas (Latin)	age, days, time, period

Ø

Danish	English
Øge	increase
Ønsker	do, want, wish, need
Øvrige	other, additional, remaining

Å

Danish	English
År	year

Word List of Household and Farm Items Often Listed in Probates

A

A
aag, åg	shoulder yoke for carrying buckets
alenstok	yardstick (equivalent of 24 inches, or 0.63 modern-day meters)
alkove	alcove, bed closed with doors or curtains, shared by 2-3 people
arbejdsvogn	wagon

B

B
bagetrug	bakers trough for kneading dough
baller, baljer, ballie, balge med jernbånd	wooden tub with iron bands
band	bands
baandknif, båndkniv	small chopping knife
becken, bækken	pan containing hot coals to heat the bed
beester	beasts
bench	bench
beholder	container
benklæder, beenklæder	trousers
beslag	brackets, hardware
beslagen vogn	wagon with metal brackets, not entirely of wood
besætningen	herd
bikube	beehive
bilægerkakkelovn	stove
bimpel	small barrel, used for transporting beer to/from the fields
bismer	small portable scale
blaa, blå	blue
blaargarns, blårgarns	wool or linen cloth
blaastribed	blue striped
blick, blech lygte	small portable tin lamp
boghylde	bookshelf
bor	auger
bord	table
bornholmer	grandfather clock
bryggerkedel	brewing kettle
bryggkar, bryggekar	brewing vat
brystdug	vest
brændevin	alcohol
bukser, buxer	trousers
bulle, bol	a short top for women
bul øxe, buløkse	forest ax
bænk	bench
bæster	beasts
båbdknif	small chopping knife

C

C
carter	cards for carding wool

D

D
degntrug	wooden trough for bread kneading
dejtrug	dough trough, used for kneading and raising bread overnight
dragkiste	chest of drawers
drejels, dreeils	hinge, pivot
driftetrug, drøftetrug	low, open basket with handle which was used for cleaning grain
drægtig	pregnant (livestock)
drøftetrug	sifting trough, used to clean chaff from the grain
dug	cloth, tablecloth
dyne	quilt, duvet
dørslag	colander
dørslag	colander

E

E
ege, eege	oak
egebord	oak table
egedragkiste- oak chest	oak chest
egekar oak vat	oak vat
egeskrin- keepsake box, sometimes with a lock	keepsake box, sometimes with a lock

F

F
faar- sheep	sheep
filtes- felted, made of felt	felted, made of felt
fierding- a tub that can hold 25 kg	a tub that can hold 25 kg
fleske olle- meat brining vat	meat brining vat
fluefanger	fly catcher
forklæde- apron	apron
fuglebur	birdcage
fyrre- pine	pine
fyrrebord- pine desk	pine desk
føl, følle- foal	foal
får- sheep	sheep
får med grøde- pregnant sheep	pregnant sheep

G

G
garvinde- yarn reel	yarn reel
gestlinge- goslings	goslings
giæs- geese	geese
giæs med grøde- geese with goslings	geese with goslings
glas- glass	glass
graa, grå- gray	gray
gravspade, grevespade- grave spade	grave spade
greeb, greb- grip, lever, handle	grip, level, handle
grise, grisse- pigsgryde- piglets	piglets
gryde- pot	pot
gul- yellow	yellow
grøn- green	green
grøde- pregnant or with eggs (livestock)	pregnant or with eggs (livestock)
gæs, giæs- geese	geese
gæslinger, geslinge- goslings	goslings
gåse-hilde	goose tether

H

H
haand qvern, håndkværn	hand mill, often used to grind malt for beer brewing
haandøxe, håndøkse	hand ax
haankattunsklæder, håndklæder	towels
hakkebret, hakkebræt	chopping board
hakkekniv	chopping knife
halskobbel, halskoppel	horse harness
halstørklæde	scarf or muffler
hampe	hemp
hand qvern	hand mill
haspe	type of yarn winder
hat	hat
hauger, haver	removable wagon sides
hempharve, harver	harrow or cultivator
hengeskab	hanging cupboard
hest, hæst	horse
hestføl	very young foal
hestplag	colt
himmelseng	poster bed/canopy bed
hingst	stallion
hingsteføl	very young foal
hjørneskab	corner cabinet
hoppe	mare
hose	hose, knitted long stockings
hoveddyne	pillow
hovedpude, hoved pude	pillow
hue	cap
huge block, huggeblok	chopping block
huggehus	workshop
hvergarns	linsey-woolsey
hvid	white
hæst, hest	horse
høelee, høle	scythe
hør	linen
hørlærritz, hørlærred	made of linen
håndklæder	towels
håndkværn, haand qvern	hand mill, often used to grind malt for beer brewing

I

I
ildtag	fire poker

J

J
jagtbøsser	hunting rifles - originally for nobles, but lower classes were allowed to hunt after 1840
jakke	jacket
jern	iron, stove
jernbilæggerkakkelovn	stove
jernbaand, jernbånd	iron bands
jernbismer	small portable scale made of iron
jerngryde	iron pot
jernpande	iron pan
jern vægge	iron wedge for wood splitting, etc.

K

K
kaabe	cloak
kaaber	copper
kaarsklæder	light, usually fitted, scarf to put over a woman's hat
kakkelovn	stove
kalfve, kalve	calf
kande	jug
kappe	cloak
kar	vessel, vat
karter	wool carders, a flat brush for straightening wool strands before spinning them into yarn
karstol	three-legged stool or stand for holding vats and tubs
kasket	cap
kartuns, kattuns	made of cotton
keddle, kiedel	kettle
kedelkrog, kedelskrog, kjedelskrog	kettle hook
kierne	churn
kiol	mens formal jacket
kiør	cows
kjedelskrog	kettle hook
kjole	men's formal jacket
kjole og hvidt	women's formal dress
kiste	chest
klinket fad	mended dish, sometimes mended with staples inserted in small drilled holes
klæde kiste	dress chest
klæde skab	wardrobe, upright clothes chest
knapper	buttons
kniplinger	lace
kniv	knife
koe, ko	cow
komfur	stove
konvolut	cap
kopper	copper
kornharpe	type of upright sieve machine for cleaning grain
krave	collar
krukke	crock
kuvert	hat
krage til flæsk	bacon rack, for smoking meat in the chimney
krave	cows
krus	pottery mug
kvern	mill
kvie, qvie	heifer
kviekalve- heifer calf	heifer calf
kvæg, qveeg	cattle
kærne	churn
køer	cows
kørekappe	driving jacket, cloak, or cap
kåbe	cloak

L

L
lagen	sheet
lam, lamb	lamb
langbænk	bench, used at a dining table
lehnestoel, lænestol	armchairs
ler	clay
leerfad, lerfad	pottery dish, plate, cup, etc.
lin, liin	linen
lyddæmper	muffler
lysesaks, lyse sax	candle snuffer with a scissor-like hinge
lysestøbekar	candle maker
læder	leather
lædersele	leather harness for a horse
lænestol, lehnestoel	armchairs
løgte	lamp

M

M
madskab	wooden upright food pantry
mangle fiel og stok	clothes press that used a wooden roller
manglebrædt og stok	clothes press that used a wooden roller
malkekande, mælkekande	milk jug
malet	painted
messing	brass
messingbækken	brass pan which held hot coals to heat the bed
meye or meje jern, mejetøj, mejered	iron tool for harvesting corn
morter	mortar (for use with pestle for grinding)
møbler	furniture
mønstrede	patterned

N

N
nattrøye	night shirt
naur	auger
navneklud	embroidery
nederdel	skirt

O

O
okse	ox
olmerdug, ulmerdug	striped fabric made in Olmer, Germany
olle	oil
omdannet ostekar	re-used cheese vat
otting	container that held an exact measurement of 12.5 kg
overdyne	duvet cover
ovn	stove

P

P
pande	pan
papir	paper
penge	cash
peber qvern, peverkværn	pepper mill
plag	colt
plove	plow
plove med behor	plow with accessories
porcellæn	porcelain
prykket	dotted
pude, puude	pillow
pudevår	pillowcases
pynteærmer	interchangable dress sleeves
pyntetørklæde	decorative scarf
pyramide, pyramidehylde	pyramid-shaped shelf, used for displaying a household's finest items until abt 1920s-1930s

Q

Q
qveeg, kvæg	cattle
qvern	mill
qvie, kvie	heifer
qvie kalfe	heifer calf

R

R
rede penge	ready cash
redskaber	tools
rist	3-legged grill rack
riveiern, rivegern	grater
roekniv	beet knife
rok	spinning wheel
rød	red

S

S
saks, sax	scissors
saltkar	small salt container
selde	flat straw basket for sifting flour
seletøj	harness for a horse
seng	bed
sengested	bedstead
serker, særke	petticoat
siebøtte	wooden bowl with a cloth in the bottom for straining milk
sigte	sieve
sikar	wooden bowl with a cloth in the bottom for straining milk
sjal	shawl
skab	cabinet
ske, skeer	spoon, spoons
skieppe, skæppe	20-liter container
skind	skins, pelts, or leather
skindbuxor	buckskin pants
skiorte, skjorte	shirt
skiær, skære bænk	cutting bench, workbench
skiære kiiste, skærekiste	"cutting chest", or chest holding mounted tools which were used for cutting animal feed
skielderier, skilderier	painting or photgraph
sko, skoe	shoes
skæppemål	bushel measure; abt 1/8 of a grain barrel, or about 17 liters
skære (skiær) bænk og kniv	cutting table and knife
skørt, skiordt	skirt
slagbenk, slagbænk	daybed, bench
sliibe steen, slibesten	grindstones
slæde	sled
småsvin	piglets
cutting bench, work bench
sold	sieve or screen
spade	spade or shovel
spand	bucket
spejl	mirror
spinderok	spinning wheel
spisebord	dining table
spiserkammer	pantry
spender, spænder	buckles
spæde kalve	infant calf
stager	candlesticks, usually with a stand
stampekærne	butter/cream churn
standtønder	food storage barrels
stander seng	floor bed
steen kruuse med laag	tea mug with lid
stegepande	frying pan
stenform	brick mold
stettins tallerken	tin-enameled plate
stie, stige	laddar
stol, stoele, stole	chair, chairs
stort	large, high
stribet	striped
strippe	wooden scoop
strygejern	an iron, typically used on smaller items; early irons were made of brass, 18th/19th century irons were made of cast iron
strømber, strømper	stockings
stud kalv, studekalv	steer calf
studlinge	steer calf
stueur, stueuhr	clock
støvler	boots
sukkertang	sugar cutter
sulekammer	larder
sviin, svin	pigs
sæde	seat

T

T
tabel	table
taburet, taberet	stool
taft	taffeta
tallerkne, tallerken	plate
tavle	table
tel økse, tælleøkse	small ax with a broad blade and a shaft that bent slightly outward
tengsel	small ax for hollowing out wood
ternet	checkered
thepotte	teapot
tilbehør	attachments, accessories
tin	tin or pewter
tinkrus, tinkruus	tin cup
tintalerkener	tin or pewter plate
tragt	funnel
trefoder	tripod for placing cookware over a fire
tromle	barrel or drum
tronestole	throne (chair)
trug	trough
træ	wooden
træbismer	small portable wooden scale
trækar	wooden container
træskoe, træsko	wooden shoes
træhaver, træe haver	wooden extensions for wagon sides
trøje	sweater
tækkelad	a kind of wide ladder which can be hung below the roof thatching
tøj	clothes
tønde	barrel
tørklæde	head scarf
tørvespade	peat spade

U

U
ulmerdug, olmerdug	striped fabric made in Olmer, Germany
underkjole	petticoat
underdyne	type of quilt where a person lies on one side and covers themselves with the other side
ungsvin	young pig

V/W

V
vaar, vår	pillowcases
vadmel	homespun
valkebræt	fulling board; used to full newly-knitted cloth, making it stronger
vandspand	water bucket
vanter	mittens
vaskebræt	washboard
vest	vest
vin	wine
vindovn	stove with combustion door facing the living room
vogn	wagon
vraaskab	corner cabinet
vugge	crib
væder, vædder	ram
vægge	wedge
vægskab	wall cabinet; lock placed near the end where the man would sit at the table, contained important items such as tobacco, money, papers, etc.

Æ

Æ
ærmer	loose, dressy sleeves which were interchangable with different vests

Ø

Ø
øl, ølle	ale, beer
ølanker	beer barrel
øldunk	beer jug
ølflaske	beer bottle
øl kande, ølkande	beer jug or pitcher
øltragt, ølle tragt	funnel for pouring beer into bottles
øreballie, ørebalje	wooden tub with ear-shaped handles
øxe, økse	ax

Family History Library